利用连续重力观测约束2014智利Iquique地震的震源机制解   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

江颖  李辉  刘子维  申重阳  张晓彤 《地球物理学报》2016,59(3):941-951

2014年4月1日,智利北部Iquique地区近海发生MW8.1地震,地震发生之后,国际上一些著名的地震科研机构和学者采用不同的数据和方法计算得到此次地震的震源机制解,但这些结果存在较大差异.地球长周期自由振荡的振幅主要依赖于地震矩的大小及地震断层的破裂方式,可以很好地约束地震震源机制.因此,本文根据2014年Iquique地震现有的6个不同震源机制解模拟计算了该地震激发的自由振荡信号,并与全国连续重力台网中16个弹簧重力仪的观测结果进行比对,基于1.5~5.3mHz的球型简正模分析和约束了Iquique地震的震源机制解.研究发现,基于美国地质调查局WPhase Moment Tensor Solution反演的震源机制解的自由振荡模拟值与实际观测符合最好,其相应的震级能较好反映Iquique地震释放的总能量,而利用海啸数据反演的标量地震矩偏小,联合远场和近场长周期观测数据反演可显著改善震源机制解.另外,还基于格尔木重力台站的模拟值与观测值定量分析了不同震源机制解参数对自由振荡振幅的影响.结果表明地震的标量地震矩M0对自由振荡振幅的影响最大,而断层走向、倾角、滑动方向角和震源深度对自由振荡的振幅影响相对较小.  相似文献   

CONSTRAINING THE FOCAL MECHANISM OF THE 2015 NEPAL EARTHQUAKE WITH OBSERVATIONS OF THE CONTINUOUS GRAVITY STATIONS          下载免费PDF全文

JIANG ying  LIU Zi-wei  LI Hui  ZHANG Xiao-tong  WEI-Jin  SHEN Chong-yang 《地震地质》2016,38(3):660-669

On 25 April 2015, a magnitude M_S8.1 interplate thrust earthquake ruptured a densely instrumented region of Nepal. After earthquake, the focal mechanism solutions of Nepal earthquake were provided by well-respected international earthquake research institutions based on different data and methods, which were different. We compared free oscillations observed by 18 spring gravimeters of continuous gravity stations with synthetic normal modes corresponding to 3 different focal mechanisms for the Nepal earthquake, and the focal mechanisms solutions of Nepal earthquake were analyzed and constrained by spherical normal modes in a 2 to 5mHz frequency band. Based on the optimal focal mechanism, the accurate magnitude was searched. The results show that the focal mechanism of Nepal earthquake can be estimated by spherical modes in the 2 to 5mHz frequency band. The synthetic modes corresponding to the focal mechanism determined by the GCMT Moment Tensor Solution showed agreement to the observed modes, the average of misfit factors F was 0.03, and the average of scaling factors was 1.04, which was closest to 1, suggesting that earthquake magnitudes predicted in this way can reflect the total energy released by the earthquake. Based on the focal mechanism solutions provided by GCMT, keeping the strike, dip, slip, depth constant, adjusting the scalar moment, the real scalar moment was searched. When the average of scaling factors was 1, the average of misfit factors F was only 0.03. After calculation, the scalar moment of Nepal earthquake was 8.09×10²⁰ Nm, and the corresponding magnitude was M_W7.91.  相似文献   

Seawater Intrusion in Semi-Closed Convergent Estuaries (Case Study of Moroccan Atlantic Estuaries): Application of Salinity Analytical Models   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Soufiane Haddout  Mohammed Igouzal  Abdellatif Maslouhi 《Marine Geodesy》2017,40(5):275-296

Salinity is an important parameter influencing the water quality of estuaries, and can constitute a serious problem to society due to the need for freshwater for industry and agriculture. Therefore, the determination of salt intrusion length in estuaries is a challenge for managers as well as scientists in this field. The managers tend to use simple and reliable tools for salinity variation. Although 2-D and 3-D numerical models are common tools for the prediction of salinity intrusion now, analytical models of salinity variation are much more efficient, and also require minimal sets of river data. In this paper, two analytical solutions, Brockway and Savenije used worldwide to assess longitudinal salinity variation in alluvial estuaries, are applied to the Moroccan Atlantic semi-closed estuaries, i.e., Sebou and Loukkos. The solutions are derived from salt convection-dispersion equations, with different assumptions for the dispersion coefficient. The estuaries' bathymetry is described by an exponential function. The performance of these two solutions was evaluated by comparing their results with field-measured salinity data. The Brockway model's salinity predictions performs well to observations especially in downstream reaches of the two estuaries (Sebou: R² = 0.95, root mean square error [RMSE] = 1.50‰, normalized root mean square error [NRMSE] = 3.45‰; Loukkos: R² = 0.95, RMSE = 1.13‰, NRMSE = 3.01‰), while the Savenije model outperformed the Brockway's model and is better to predict salt intrusion length and salinity variation along the two estuaries (Sebou: R² = 0.97, RMSE = 1.15‰, NRMSE = 2.85‰; Loukkos: R² = 0.98, RMSE = 0.95‰, NRMSE = 1.94‰). This revealed that both analytical solutions apply well to the estimation of salinity variation and the prediction of salt intrusion in these two estuaries.  相似文献   

混合对流方程的凸解的某些性质     

胡敏  杜翠  罗圆 《成都信息工程学院学报》2010,25(4):438-441

为了研究产生于流体力学边界层理论的混合对流方程解的性质,通过研究与混合对流方程等价的奇异积分方程正解的存在性和单调性,获得了混合对流方程凸解的存在性和凸解模的上下界,并将这些性质应用于估计混合对流方程中剪应力函数模的上下界．  相似文献   

厦门市地震台网终止相应用探讨——以9.21集集地震震源破裂参数求解为例     

于洪波 《华南地震》2010,30(1):99-104

介绍了终止相产生的机理,及其震源计算方法—解方程组法的原理,运用该方法对厦门市数字地震台网记录的9.21集集地震的波形进行终止相识别,首次利用短周期记录终止相方法得到了9.21集集地震的破裂长度、破裂走向、破裂速度等参数,研究结果与现场考察结果基本吻合。  相似文献   

边界层理论中非稳态流体方程的数值解     

刘林铖  胡建成  张玲 《成都信息工程学院学报》2013,28(4):429-433

非稳态流体方程是边界层流问题中的一个典型方程,是一个定义在半无限区间上的一维三阶非线性方程,采用有限差分法求解它的数值解.方法是通过将半无限区间上的三阶非线性微分方程转化成有限区间上的二阶微分形式,并构造出相应的有限差分方程来求得数值解.结果表明该方法是有效的.  相似文献   

非均匀层状介质一维波动方程精确解的有限差分算法     

范留明 《岩土力学》2013,34(9):2715-2720

平面波的传播问题通常可以归结为一维波动方程的定解问题。在非均匀介质中,即使简单的一维波动方程也需要借助于数值方法获得近似解。3层5点古典差分格式是计算偏微分方程一种常用算法,作为一种显式迭代格式,需要满足稳定性条件 ,其中 为波速, 为空间采样间隔, 为时间采样间隔。当 时, ,古典差分格式达到临界稳定状态。在这种情况下,平面波在 时间内的传播距离恰好等于空间采样间隔,差分格式真实地反映了平面波的传播原理,因而可以得到一维波动方程的精确解。但是,由于在非均匀介质中存在不连续的波阻抗界面,此方法不适于计算非均匀介质的波场。为了将临界稳定情况下的古典差分格式推广应用至非均匀层状介质,提出了一种能够处理波阻抗界面的有限差分格式,并应用傅里叶分析法得到其稳定性条件。模型算例验证了此算法的正确性。  相似文献   

Generation of electromotive force in igneous rocks subjected to non-uniform loading          下载免费PDF全文

Akihiro Takeuchi  &#  mer Aydan  Keizo Sayanagi  Toshiyasu Nagao 《地震科学（英文版）》2011,24(6):593-600

When one end of an air-dry igneous rock block was uniaxially loaded in laboratory, there appeared an electromotive force that made electric currents flow from the stressed volume to the unstressed volume. Quartz-free rocks such as gabbro also generated this force, stronger than quartz-bearing rocks such as granite. This indicates that the piezoelectric effect of quartz and the electrokinetic effect of pore water do not make a large contribution toward generating the electromotive force. We focus on peroxy bond that is one of the abundant lattice defects in igneous rock-forming minerals. When mechanical loading deforms the lattice structure around this defect and breaks its bond, its energy levels change and act like an accepter. As an electron is trapped at this defect from a neighbor O^2- site, a positive hole is activated there. They attempt to diffuse toward the unstressed volume through the valence band and are simultaneously affected by the attractive electric force with the electrons trapped in peroxy bonds. This leads to a polarization in the stressed volume and the generation of electromotive force between the stressed and unstressed volumes. Similar electromotive force may be generated in the Earth's crust where inhomogeneous stress/strain is changing.  相似文献   

海洋沉积物中孔隙水的氯同位素测量方法研究     

李艳平  蒋少涌  杨涛  濮巍 《高校地质学报》2006,12(3):388-391

采用Ba型、H型和Cs型三步阳离子交换树脂法,对海洋沉积物中孔隙水的氯进行了分离和提纯。氯的回收率达99．6％,能满足氯同位素质谱测定的需要。氯同位素的测量采用基于Cs2Cl^＋离子的高精度正热电离质谱法,对ISL354NaCI标准物质的多次测量结果为”CI／”CI=0．319130±0．000029,对一个南海海底沉积物中孔隙水的多次测量结果为^37CI／^35CI=0．319144±0．000043,表明此方法的稳定性好,测量精度高,可用于海洋沉积物中孔隙水的氯同位素示踪研究  相似文献   

横观各向同性圆柱土样轴对称Biot固结的解析解   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

纪多辙  石祥锋 《岩土力学》2002,23(6):765-768

给出了横观各向同性圆柱土样轴对称Biot固结的封闭级数解,该解由满足非齐次边界条件的弹性力学解与满足齐次边界条件的渗流拟动态解的叠加构成。通过算例分析,探讨了横观各向土体的Biot固结规律和Mandel-Cryer效应。  相似文献